The Chemical and Petrochemical Industry of Kazakhstan: History, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Authors
Galymzhan Usenov, Anel Sadilbekovna Ussenova, Magbat Uarysbekovich Spanov, Bakyt Kidirbayevna Umbetalieva and Sadilbek Akylbayevich Ussenov

Journal
ICON, Volume 30, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 140–174

DOI
https://doi.org/10.11590/icon.2025.1.05

Abstract
This article critically examines the history of the chemical and petrochemical industry in Kazakhstan, its current state, and the main problems inherent in the industry. The findings of this study are relevant and crucial to the current challenges of the industry and its urgent need for improvement.

The chemical and petrochemical industry, in particular, are characterised by several issues: inadequate qualifications of employees, largely due to the lack of professional skills, and limited access to education. The training of middle management—in particular, insufficient graduation rates of specialists in technical and vocational training (TVT)—also reduces the quality of products and broader human wellbeing.

In addition, a significant problem is the wage level in the industry, which is insufficient to attract young specialists. The occupational hazards inherent in the industry, particularly the risk of cancer or physical injuries, remain relevant. To solve this problem, this study proposes a methodology that allows a comprehensive assessment of occupational risk, considering all potential factors affecting employees, and recommends implementing timely measures to ensure occupational safety.

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